The English language is known for its complexity, with rules that often come with exceptions and variations. One such example that frequently puzzles both native and non-native speakers alike is the plural form of the word “zero.” Is it correct to say “zeros” or “zeroes”? While both forms are technically accurate, usage varies based on geography, context, and preference. In this article, we’ll explore the pluralization rules, usage trends, and contexts for both “zeroes” or “zeros” to provide a definitive guide on when and why each form might be used. This comprehensive overview will help clarify which form to use for greater accuracy in your writing.
What Does “Zero” Mean, and Why Is Its Plural Confusing?
The word “zero” originates from the Arabic term ṣifr, meaning “nothing” or “void.” In English, “zero” signifies a numerical value of none, often used in mathematics, sciences, and everyday conversation. The challenge with the plural of zeroes or zeros stems from English’s inconsistent rules for pluralization, especially for words ending in “o.”
In English, some words ending in “o” simply add an “s” to form the plural (like “solos”), while others require an “es” (like “heroes”). Adding to the confusion, certain words can be pluralized either way, including “zero,” making both “zeros” and “zeroes” acceptable. However, understanding which form to use, and in what contexts, can make your writing more consistent and clear.
The Pluralization Rule for Words Ending in “O”
The complexity surrounding zeros vs. zeroes stems from general rules for pluralizing English words ending in “o.” Here’s a simplified breakdown:
- Adding “s” to words ending in a vowel followed by “o”: In most cases, adding an “s” works for words where an “o” follows a vowel. Examples include “zoos” and “studios.”
- Adding “es” to certain consonant-ending words: Words where a consonant precedes the “o” often require “es” for pluralization, as in “heroes” and “tomatoes.”
- Flexible Plural Forms: Some words allow either form, such as “cargo” becoming “cargos” or “cargoes.”
As a noun ending in “o,” “zero” falls into this third category, meaning both “zeros” and “zeroes” are correct in standard English usage. However, the choice can vary based on stylistic preferences, geographical trends, and specific writing contexts.
“Zeros” vs. “Zeroes”: Usage Trends and Popularity
When we examine the popularity of “zeros” or “zeroes” in English literature and academic resources, “zeros” emerges as the preferred form in both American and British English. According to the Google N-Gram Viewer, a tool that analyzes the frequency of words in published materials, “zeros” is far more commonly used than “zeroes.”
- In American English: “Zeros” is used approximately three times as frequently as “zeroes.”
- In British English: The discrepancy is even larger, with “zeros” appearing over twenty times more frequently than “zeroes.”
This trend implies that “zeros” is generally the more widely accepted and understood plural form in modern English, though “zeroes” remains valid, particularly in literary or stylistic contexts.
Examples of “Zeros” and “Zeroes” in Sentences
To clarify how each form is used, let’s examine some examples of “zeros” or “zeroes” in everyday contexts:
- Using “zeros”:
- “The computer screen displayed several zeros in a row.”
- “Her bank account had multiple zeros after the first digit, signifying her wealth.”
- Using “zeroes”:
- “The scientist noted the sequence of zeroes in her calculations.”
- “The cheque had several zeroes, indicating a high sum of money.”
Both sentences are correct, but “zeros” aligns with popular and widely accepted usage.
Singular “Zero” to Refer to Multiple Zeros
In some cases, a singular “zero” can represent multiple occurrences, especially in contexts like sports scores or digital settings. For example:
- “The scoreboard showed a double zero.”
- “My PIN number ends in two zeros.”
Here, “double zero” implies two individual zeros treated as a single unit, much like a pair of items.
When “Zeroes” Functions as a Verb
Beyond its plural form, “zero” can also act as a verb, with meanings tied to targeting or setting an instrument to zero. As a verb, “zero” conjugates as follows:
- Present tense: zero (e.g., “I zero the equipment before each test.”)
- Past tense: zeroed (e.g., “She zeroed in on the target with precision.”)
- Third person singular: zeroes (e.g., “He zeroes the scale every morning.”)
In this usage, “zeroes” specifically refers to a focused action or adjustment, not to the plural noun form.
How to Decide Between “Zeros” and “Zeroes”
While both forms are grammatically acceptable, deciding between “zeros” or “zeroes” depends on several factors:
- Audience and Context: If writing for an international audience or in a formal context, “zeros” might be a safer choice due to its widespread acceptance.
- Geographic Preference: American and British sources overwhelmingly prefer “zeros,” making it the most universally understood form.
- Stylistic Choice: For literary or stylistic emphasis, “zeroes” can be used to add character to a piece, particularly in creative writing.
Quick Reference Guide for Using “Zeros” vs. “Zeroes”
| Use Case | Prefer “Zeros” | Prefer “Zeroes” |
|---|---|---|
| Mathematical/Scientific Usage | Yes | Yes |
| American English | Yes | Rarely |
| British English | Yes | Rarely |
| Creative or Literary Writing | Sometimes | Yes |
| Verb Form (e.g., “He zeroes the equipment”) | No | Yes |
FAQs About “Zeroes” or “Zeros”
Is “zeros” or “zeroes” correct?
Both forms are correct, though “zeros” is more widely used and accepted, especially in formal writing.
Why does “zero” have two plural forms?
English allows flexibility in plural forms for certain words, particularly those ending in “o.”
Which form is more popular in American English?
“Zeros” is significantly more common in American English.
Can “zero” be used as a verb?
Yes, “zero” can be used as a verb, meaning to set an instrument to zero or to target something.
Is there a difference between “double zeros” and “double zero”?
“Double zero” is often used singularly to refer to two zeros treated as one unit, while “double zeros” treats each zero individually.
Is “zeroes” acceptable in British English?
Yes, but “zeros” is preferred overwhelmingly in British contexts as well.
Do mathematical texts prefer “zeros” or “zeroes”?
Most mathematical and scientific texts use “zeros.”
Can I use “zeroes” in informal writing?
Absolutely. “Zeroes” is acceptable, especially if it adds stylistic flair.
Conclusion
Understanding the subtle differences and usage contexts between “zeros” and “zeroes” helps clarify one of the English language’s more puzzling plural forms. While both are grammatically acceptable, “zeros” has gained the upper hand in common usage, especially in the U.S. and U.K. As a plural for “zero,” “zeros” fits most scientific, mathematical, and formal contexts, while “zeroes” can be used in literary or creative writing. The choice ultimately depends on personal or stylistic preference, but knowing the trends can ensure that your usage aligns with audience expectations.